The Question is from neet-botany , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

A patient presents with an abnormally high R.Q.  Which of the following metabolic derangements is LEAST likely to be the cause?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.) and its interpretation in metabolic disorders.
 **Related Topics**: Carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, respiratory physiology, acid-base balance.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of R.Q. calculation ($R.Q. = \frac{CO_2 	ext{ produced}}{O_2 	ext{ consumed}}$), cellular respiration, and metabolic pathways.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  High Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.) indicates a shift in metabolic fuel preference.
  R.Q. is normally around 0.8, reflecting a mix of carbohydrate and fat oxidation.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze the effect of each option on R.Q.
  Reasoning:  A high R.Q. suggests a predominance of carbohydrate metabolism over fat metabolism.
 2. Evaluate each option's impact on the ratio of $CO_2$ produced to $O_2$ consumed.
  Working:
  * **Hyperventilation:** Increases $CO_2$ exhalation, artificially raising R.Q.  Though not a direct metabolic derangement, it affects the measured R.Q.
  * **Metabolic acidosis:** Can lead to increased production of $CO_2$ from compensatory mechanisms, potentially increasing R.Q.
  * **Lipogenesis:** Primarily involves converting carbohydrates into fats, thus lowering the R.Q. as less $CO_2$ is produced relative to $O_2$ consumed.
  * **Increased fatty acid oxidation:** This process produces more $CO_2$ relative to the $O_2$ consumed.  However, it would lead to a lower R.Q. (closer to 0.7) than carbohydrate oxidation.
 3. Identify the option least likely to cause a high R.Q.
  Result: Increased fatty acid oxidation (option D) would lower, not raise, the R.Q.
  Verification:  The other options, particularly hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis, and lipogenesis, could all contribute to a higher R.Q. under different conditions.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Hyperventilation: Increases $CO_2$ excretion, leading to a falsely elevated R.Q.
B :x: Metabolic acidosis: Can increase $CO_2$ production, potentially raising R.Q.
C :x: Lipogenesis: Converts carbohydrates to fats, decreasing the R.Q.
D ✓: Increased fatty acid oxidation: Results in a lower R.Q. than carbohydrate oxidation.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the effects of respiratory changes with metabolic changes on R.Q.:  Respiratory issues can alter measured R.Q. without necessarily reflecting underlying metabolic shifts.
  2.Failing to consider the overall metabolic context:  R.Q. interpretation should be done in conjunction with other clinical data.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember the typical R.Q. values for carbohydrate (1.0), fat (0.7), and protein (0.8).
  2.Consider the impact of each metabolic pathway on the relative production of $CO_2$ and consumption of $O_2$.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Hyperventilation

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Lipogenesis

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Increased fatty acid oxidation"

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