Prepare for NEET with Botany-specific practice questions. Covering all major Botany chapters, this is perfect for your NEET Biology needs.
A researcher observes that a particular plant species exhibits significantly reduced root hair development when grown in a hydroponic solution lacking phosphorus. Which physiological role of phosphorus in root hair formation is MOST likely affected?
Major component of cell wall cellulose
Cofactor for enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis and energy transfer for cell division and elongation
Regulation of stomatal closure to prevent water loss
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is highly folded. What is the purpose of these folds, called cristae?
Store genetic material
Facilitate protein synthesis
Increase surface area for ATP production
Regulate the passage of molecules
Which factor does NOT influence the rate of facilitated diffusion?
The concentration gradient of the transported substance
The number of carrier proteins in the membrane
The amount of ATP available
The temperature
Which of the following is essential for the active uptake of mineral ions?
Water
Sunlight
ATP
Carbon dioxide
Which of these is a primary function of ATP in metabolism?
Enzyme synthesis
Genetic coding
Structural support
Energy transfer
The regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle requires ATP. What is the primary role of ATP in this phase?
Reduction of 3-PGA to G3P
Phosphorylation of intermediates to convert them back to RuBP
Fixation of CO2 to RuBP
Regeneration of NADPH
The free energy change () for nitrogen fixation is highly positive. Which of the following BEST explains how biological nitrogen fixation occurs despite this energetic barrier?
The reaction proceeds spontaneously at high temperatures found in root nodules
Nitrogenase acts as a catalyst, lowering the activation energy but not the
Hydrolysis of a large number of ATP molecules coupled to the reaction
The presence of leghemoglobin alters the thermodynamics, making negative
During aerobic respiration, the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose theoretically yields 38 ATP. However, the actual yield is often lower. Which of the following is NOT a significant contributor to this reduced ATP yield?
Incomplete oxidation of glucose in the cytoplasm
Leakage of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Utilization of the proton gradient for processes other than ATP synthesis
Variations in the efficiency of the electron transport chain
If the inner mitochondrial membrane were to become permeable to protons, what would be the MOST immediate consequence on ATP synthesis?
ATP synthesis would increase due to increased proton flow.
ATP synthesis would stop because the proton gradient would dissipate.
ATP synthesis would be unaffected as it relies on substrate-level phosphorylation.
ATP synthesis would decrease, but some ATP would still be produced by glycolysis.
A researcher is studying a novel inhibitor that specifically targets the F0 subunit of ATP synthase. What is the most likely direct effect of this inhibitor on aerobic respiration?
Increased electron transport chain activity
Inhibition of proton flow through the inner mitochondrial membrane
Enhanced ATP production
Stimulation of Krebs cycle activity
