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Which combination of factors would MOST effectively enhance the cleansing action of a soap in hard water?
Decreased temperature and addition of NaCl
Increased temperature and addition of NaCl
Decreased temperature and addition of a chelating agent
Increased temperature and addition of a chelating agent
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soaps?
They are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids.
They work effectively in hard water.
They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
They form micelles in water.
The hydrophobic part of a soap molecule is:
A carboxylate group.
A long hydrocarbon chain.
A sodium or potassium ion.
A sulfate group.
Detergents are preferred over soaps in hard water because:
They are cheaper to produce.
They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions.
They are less effective cleaning agents.
They have a stronger odor.
The process of forming micelles is driven by:
Hydrogen bonding.
Ionic interactions.
The hydrophobic effect.
Van der Waals forces.
Soaps are prepared by the saponification of:
Carbohydrates.
Proteins.
Fats and oils.
Nucleic acids.
Detergents are more effective than soaps in hard water because:
They are more biodegradable
They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions
They have a longer hydrocarbon chain
They are cheaper to produce
The process of making soap is called:
Esterification
Saponification
Hydrogenation
Polymerization
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of:
Long chain fatty acids
Mineral acids
Short chain carboxylic acids
Inorganic bases
Which part of a soap molecule helps in dissolving grease or oil in water?
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tail
Both hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Neither hydrophilic head nor hydrophobic tail
