The Question is from neet-chemistry principles-related-to-practical-chemistry , and it was created by the author Mr. S M HUSSAIN

Question

Which of the following drug classes does NOT primarily target G protein-coupled receptors?

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Mechanisms of drug action, specifically targeting of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
 **Related Topics**: Pharmacology, signal transduction pathways, receptor types.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of GPCRs and their role in cellular signaling.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Four drug classes: Opioid analgesics, Beta-adrenergic blockers, Steroid hormones, Muscarinic agonists.
  The question asks to identify the class that does NOT primarily target GPCRs.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze each drug class to determine its primary mechanism of action.
  Reasoning:  We need to identify which drug class interacts with receptors other than GPCRs.
  Formula/Rule:  N/A
 2. Identify the drug class that does not primarily utilize GPCRs for its effects.
  Working: 
        * Opioid analgesics: These drugs act primarily on opioid receptors, which are GPCRs.
        * Beta-adrenergic blockers: These drugs block beta-adrenergic receptors, which are GPCRs.
        * Steroid hormones: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and bind to intracellular receptors (intracellular receptors are not GPCRs), initiating gene transcription.
        * Muscarinic agonists: These drugs activate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which are GPCRs.
  Key Point: The key difference lies in the location and mechanism of action of the receptors involved.
 3. Determine the final answer.
  Result: Steroid hormones do not primarily target GPCRs; they bind to intracellular receptors.
  Verification:  Confirm that the other three classes listed do indeed primarily target GPCRs.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Opioid analgesics primarily act on GPCRs (mu, delta, kappa opioid receptors).
B :x: Beta-adrenergic blockers act on GPCRs (beta-adrenergic receptors).
C ✓: Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, not GPCRs. They directly influence gene expression.
D :x: Muscarinic agonists act on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which are GPCRs.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the mechanisms of action of different drug classes: Thorough understanding of receptor types and signaling pathways is crucial.
  2.Overlooking the intracellular receptors used by steroid hormones: Steroid hormones utilize a unique mechanism distinct from GPCR-mediated signaling.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember the key characteristic of GPCRs: They are seven-transmembrane receptors linked to G proteins.
  2.Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and thus able to cross the cell membrane to interact with intracellular receptors.

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Opioid analgesics

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Beta-adrenergic blockers

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

The correct Option is "Steroid hormones"

Mr. S M HUSSAIN · Answer

Muscarinic agonists

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