The Question is from neet-zoology body-fluids-and-circulation , and it was created by the author BALASOURY

Question

A patient needs a blood transfusion. Their blood sample agglutinates with anti-A and anti-B sera but not with anti-D serum.  What is the SAFEST blood group for transfusion to this patient, considering both ABO and Rh factors?

BALASOURY · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Blood group compatibility in transfusions
 **Related Topics**: ABO blood group system, Rh blood group system, agglutination
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of antigens and antibodies in blood, principles of blood transfusion
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  * Patient's blood agglutinates with anti-A and anti-B sera: This indicates the presence of both A and B antigens on the patient's red blood cells.
  * Patient's blood does not agglutinate with anti-D serum: This means the patient is Rh negative (lacks the D antigen).
  * The patient needs a blood transfusion.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Determine the patient's blood group based on the agglutination results.
  Reasoning: Agglutination with anti-A and anti-B sera means the patient has both A and B antigens, thus belonging to the AB blood group.
  Formula/Rule: None
 2. Consider the Rh factor.
  Working: The patient is Rh negative.  Therefore, the patient's blood group is AB negative.
  Key Point:  Rh negative individuals can only receive Rh negative blood to avoid Rh incompatibility and hemolytic disease.
 3. Identify the safest blood group for transfusion.
  Result: O negative blood is the universal donor.  It lacks both A and B antigens and the D antigen, minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. 
  Verification: O negative blood can be safely transfused to AB negative individuals as it contains no antigens that would react with the recipient's antibodies.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: A positive: Contains A antigen, which the patient has antibodies against. Also contains the Rh D antigen, which could cause an adverse reaction in the Rh-negative patient.
B :x: B negative: Contains B antigen, which the patient has antibodies against.
C :x: AB negative: While Rh-compatible, it contains both A and B antigens, which could cause a reaction in the patient, though less severe than A or B positive blood.
D ✓: O negative: This blood type lacks A, B, and Rh D antigens, making it safe for transfusion to any recipient.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1. Ignoring the Rh factor:  Transfusing Rh-positive blood to an Rh-negative patient can lead to hemolytic disease.
  2. Overlooking the importance of O negative as the universal donor:  Other blood types may trigger reactions.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember the universal donor (O negative) and universal recipient (AB positive), but always consider individual patient factors.
  2. Use a mnemonic device to remember blood group antigen and antibody relationships.

BALASOURY · Answer

A positive

BALASOURY · Answer

B negative

BALASOURY · Answer

AB negative

BALASOURY · Answer

The correct Option is "O negative"

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