The Question is from neet-zoology excretory-products-and-their-elimination , and it was created by the author T HARITHA

Question

A patient exhibits excessive thirst and urination, producing large volumes of dilute urine.  Blood tests reveal normal glucose levels. Which of the following is the MOST likely hormonal imbalance causing this condition?

T HARITHA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Hormonal regulation of water balance
 **Related Topics**: Diabetes insipidus, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Renal physiology
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of the role of ADH in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
  Excessive urination (polyuria)
  Large volumes of dilute urine
  Normal blood glucose levels
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the symptoms: The patient presents with polydipsia and polyuria, characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
  Reasoning: These symptoms indicate a problem with water reabsorption in the kidneys.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable, this is a clinical reasoning problem.
 2. Consider the role of ADH: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) promotes water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the nephrons.  A deficiency leads to increased urine output.
  Working:  Since glucose levels are normal, diabetes mellitus is ruled out. The excessive urination and thirst point towards a problem with ADH.
  Key Point:  Normal glucose levels are crucial in differentiating between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus.
 3. Determine the most likely hormonal imbalance: Decreased ADH is the most likely cause of the symptoms.
  Result: Decreased Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  Verification:  The symptoms perfectly align with the effects of ADH deficiency.  The dilute urine indicates the kidneys are not reabsorbing water effectively.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Increased Aldosterone: Aldosterone primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance, not water balance directly. While it indirectly influences water retention, it's not the primary cause of this condition.
B ✓: Decreased Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): ADH deficiency directly causes the symptoms described – polydipsia and polyuria with dilute urine. This is the correct answer.
C :x: Increased Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP): ANP promotes sodium and water excretion, exacerbating the problem but not being the primary cause.  The patient already has excessive water loss.
D :x: Decreased Renin: Renin is involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, primarily affecting blood pressure regulation. A decrease in renin would likely lead to low blood pressure, not the symptoms observed here.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing diabetes insipidus with diabetes mellitus: Remember to check glucose levels to differentiate between the two conditions.
  2.Focusing on other hormones without considering ADH's primary role in water balance: ADH is the key hormone for water reabsorption in the kidneys.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Polydipsia and polyuria with dilute urine and normal glucose strongly suggest central diabetes insipidus.
  2. Remember ADH's role in concentrating urine.

T HARITHA · Answer

Increased Aldosterone

T HARITHA · Answer

The correct Option is "Decreased Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)"

T HARITHA · Answer

Increased Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

T HARITHA · Answer

Decreased Renin

NEET Zoology Excretory Products And Their Elimination MCQs

Select Topic

Question Tags

Question Tags

Question Tags

Question Tags

Question Tags

NEET Subjects

Our Bots

Company