## CORE INFORMATION\n✓ **Answer**: B\n## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK\n**Primary Concept**: Plant Life Cycles and Reproduction\n**Related Topics**: Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Spore Types, Plant Sexuality\n**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of plant classification and reproductive strategies\n## SOLUTION PATHWAY\n**Given Information**:\n - Four plant genera: Equisetum, Pinus, Cycas, Salvinia\n - Each genus is paired with a characteristic (homosporous/heterosporous or dioecious)\n**Method & Steps**:\n 1. **Define Terms**: Understand the meaning of homosporous (producing one type of spore), heterosporous (producing two types of spores - microspores and megaspores), and dioecious (having separate male and female individuals).\n Reasoning: These terms are crucial for evaluating each pair.\n 2. **Analyze Each Pair**:\n - **Equisetum - Homosporous**: Equisetum (horsetails) are indeed homosporous.\n - **Pinus - Dioecious**: Pinus (pines) are monoecious, not dioecious. They have both male and female cones on the same plant.\n - **Cycas - Dioecious**: Cycas (cycads) are dioecious, having separate male and female plants.\n - **Salvinia - Heterosporous**: Salvinia (a fern) is heterosporous, producing microspores and megaspores.\n 3. **Identify the Mismatch**: Pinus is incorrectly stated as dioecious. \n**Result**: The mismatch is Pinus - Dioecious\n**Verification**: Checking each option against known plant characteristics confirms the error.\n## OPTION ANALYSIS\n[A] :x: Equisetum is indeed homosporous. This is a correct pairing\n[B] ✓: Pinus is monoecious (both male and female cones on same plant), not dioecious. This is the mismatch\n[C] :x: Cycas is dioecious (separate male and female plants). This is a correct pairing.\n[D] :x: Salvinia is heterosporous (producing two spore types). This is a correct pairing\n## LEARNING AIDS\n**Common Mistakes**:\n 1. **Confusing Monoecious and Dioecious**: Monoecious plants have separate male and female parts on the same plant, while dioecious plants have male and female parts on separate plants.\n How to avoid: Memorize and differentiate the terms carefully.\n 2. **Incorrect Classification of Plants**: Not knowing the reproductive strategies of different plant groups can lead to errors.\n How to avoid: Study plant classification and their reproductive characteristics.\n**Quick Tips**:\n 1. **Use Mnemonics**: Create mnemonics to remember which plants are homosporous/heterosporous or monoecious/dioecious.\n 2. **Visualize Plant Structures**: Imagine the plant and its reproductive structures to recall their characteristics.