Master NEET Zoology with topic-wise questions. Tailored for NEET students, these questions strengthen your Biology preparation.
In a plant species that reproduces through apomixis, a mutation arises in a somatic cell that confers resistance to a fungal pathogen. What is the likelihood that this resistance trait will be passed on to the offspring?
Low, as somatic mutations are rarely heritable.
High, as apomixis bypasses meiosis and fertilization.
Dependent on whether the mutation is dominant or recessive.
Zero, as apomixis only involves the maternal gametophyte.
Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands exhibit diverse beak morphologies adapted to different food sources. Which of the following BEST describes the genetic mechanism underlying this diversification, assuming the ancestral finch population had limited beak variation?
Horizontal gene transfer from other bird species introduced new beak morphologies.
Hybridization between different finch species generated novel beak shapes.
Mutations in regulatory genes controlling beak development led to variations upon which natural selection acted.
Environmental factors directly induced heritable changes in beak structure.
Certain mutations can disrupt the formation of the acrosome in mammalian sperm. Which of the following would be the MOST direct consequence of such a mutation?
Inability to penetrate the zona pellucida
Reduced sperm motility
Failure of the sperm to undergo capacitation
Premature release of acrosomal enzymes
A rare genetic disorder in humans results in the inability of Sertoli cells to respond to FSH. Which of the following would be the MOST likely consequence of this disorder?
Impaired spermatogenesis due to lack of nutritional support and hormonal regulation
Increased testosterone production leading to excessive masculinization
Premature release of sperm into the epididymis
Elevated levels of GnRH due to lack of negative feedback
A research study investigates the immune response to a novel viral pathogen. It is observed that neutralizing antibodies are generated within the first week of infection, but cytotoxic T cell responses are delayed, appearing only after two weeks. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this observation?
The virus infects and depletes T cells initially.
The virus evades MHC class I presentation, delaying CTL responses.
Antibody responses are T-independent while robust CTL responses require T cell help.
The virus replicates primarily in B cells, promoting antibody production.
A patient presents with a tumor that shows evidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at a specific locus. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this observation and its significance in cancer development?
Duplication of the mutated allele of an oncogene; Inhibits tumor formation.
Deletion of the normal allele of a tumor suppressor gene; Promotes tumor formation.
Translocation involving a proto-oncogene; Has no effect on tumor formation.
Inversion within a tumor suppressor gene; Suppresses tumor formation.
Which specific type of chromosomal translocation is MOST frequently associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and what are the resulting fusion gene and its protein product?
t(8;14); MYC-IGH; Transcription factor.
t(14;18); BCL2-IGH; Anti-apoptotic protein.
t(9;22); BCR-ABL; Tyrosine kinase.
t(15;17); PML-RARA; Retinoic acid receptor.
Explain the concept of “Warburg effect” in cancer cells and its implication in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Decreased glucose uptake and oxidative phosphorylation; MRI scan; Targeting DNA repair mechanisms.
Increased glucose uptake and preferential lactic acid fermentation even in the presence of oxygen; PET scan using FDG; Targeting metabolic pathways.
Increased lipid synthesis and beta-oxidation; CT scan; Targeting growth factor receptors.
Decreased amino acid uptake and protein synthesis; Ultrasound; Targeting cell cycle checkpoints.
A new vaccine utilizes a genetically engineered virus-like particle (VLP) displaying a highly conserved epitope from a bacterial pathogen. This VLP does not contain any viral genetic material. Which of the following immune responses is LEAST likely to be induced by this vaccine?
Humoral immunity with the production of neutralizing antibodies.
Activation of B cells and their differentiation into plasma cells.
Cell-mediated immunity targeting infected host cells.
Activation of antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells.
