Prepare for NEET Biology Biotechnology and Its Applications (Biotechnological Applications In Medicine) with MCQs & PYQs on NEET.GUIDE. Access free practice, previous year questions, and expert help to explore diagnostics and therapeutics.
NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications / Biotechnological Applications In Medicine
A scientist is attempting to develop a novel gene therapy for cystic fibrosis. They are utilizing a modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to deliver the functional CFTR gene. However, pre-clinical trials show limited efficacy due to pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against the AAV capsid in a significant portion of the target population. Which of the following strategies would be MOST effective in overcoming this limitation?
Increasing the dosage of the AAV vector.
Administering immunosuppressants prior to gene therapy.
Engineering AAV capsids with altered surface epitopes to evade pre-existing immunity.
Switching to a lentiviral vector delivery system.
In the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), hybridomas are created. What crucial property makes hybridomas suitable for large-scale mAb production?
Ability to phagocytose antigens.
Short lifespan, ensuring consistent antibody quality.
Continuous cell division and antibody secretion.
Capacity to produce diverse antibody isotypes.
Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used in pharmacogenomics to identify genetic variations influencing drug response?
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
Gene expression profiling
Satellite DNA profiling
A patient exhibits severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a deficiency in adenosine deaminase (ADA). Which gene therapy approach is MOST likely to provide a long-term solution?
In vivo gene therapy using a retroviral vector directly injected into the bone marrow.
Administering purified ADA enzyme intravenously.
Ex vivo gene therapy using autologous hematopoietic stem cells.
Bone marrow transplant from an HLA-matched sibling.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for gene silencing. Which molecule plays the CENTRAL role in the RNAi pathway by guiding the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to its target mRNA?
MicroRNA (miRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
The development of biosimilars offers a cost-effective alternative to innovator biologics. Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic that biosimilars must demonstrate compared to their reference product?
Highly similar physicochemical properties
Comparable efficacy and safety profile
Identical amino acid sequence
Similar pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Which of the following is NOT a use of genetically engineered bacteria in medicine?
Production of human insulin
Production of human growth hormone
Production of antibiotics by genetically modifying disease-causing bacteria
Production of vaccines
RNA interference (RNAi) technology is used for therapeutic purposes by:
Introducing new genes into cells
Amplifying specific DNA sequences
Silencing specific genes involved in disease progression
Producing monoclonal antibodies
In gene therapy, which vector is commonly used to deliver functional genes into a patient's cells?
Bacteria
Plasmids
Modified viruses
Liposomes
What is the primary goal of using monoclonal antibodies in medicine?
To stimulate a broad immune response
To target specific antigens for diagnosis or treatment
To replace faulty genes in cells
To enhance the production of antibiotics
