The Question is from neet-botany biotechnology , and it was created by the author D VINOD

Question

Knockout mice lacking the gene for PrP$^C$ (prion protein cellular form) are resistant to prion diseases.  What can be directly concluded from this observation?

D VINOD · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: [C]
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Necessity vs. Sufficiency in Biological Processes
	**Related Topics**: Prion Diseases, Gene Knockouts, Protein Function
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of gene function and disease mechanisms
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	* Knockout mice lacking the PrP$^C$ gene are resistant to prion diseases.
	* This implies that the absence of PrP$^C$ prevents disease development.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. Analyze the meaning of 'resistance' in this context.
		Reasoning: Resistance implies that the disease cannot develop or progress normally.
	2. Relate the observation to the function of PrP$^C$.
		Reasoning: Since removing PrP$^C$ prevents the disease, it suggests PrP$^C$ is required for the disease process.
	3. Determine if the evidence indicates necessity or sufficiency.
		Reasoning: The experiment shows that PrP$^C$ is necessary but doesn't show if it is sufficient.

## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: PrP$^C$ is sufficient to cause prion diseases. This option is incorrect because the experiment only demonstrates necessity. It doesn't show that PrP$^C$ alone can cause the disease. Other factors might be needed for the conversion to pathogenic form.
[B] :x: PrP$^C$ is the infectious agent in prion diseases. This option is incorrect. While PrP$^C$ is involved, the infectious agent is the misfolded prion protein (PrP$^{Sc}$), not the cellular PrP$^C$.
[C] ✓: PrP$^C$ is necessary for the development of prion diseases. This option is correct. The fact that mice without PrP$^C$ are resistant clearly indicates that PrP$^C$ is required for the disease to develop.
[D] :x: The absence of PrP$^C$ enhances the immune response against prions. This option is incorrect. The resistance in knockout mice is due to the lack of PrP$^C$ itself, not an enhanced immune response. 
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1.[Error 1]: Confusing necessity with sufficiency. A necessary component is required, but not necessarily sufficient on its own.
		2.[Error 2]: Assuming the normal cellular protein is the infectious agent. The misfolded form is infectious, not the normal form.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1.[Helpful shortcut]: Think of it like a lock and key. If you remove the key (PrP$^C$), the lock cannot be opened (disease cannot occur).
		2.[Memory aid]: Knockout = removal = necessity

D VINOD · Answer

PrP$^C$ is sufficient to cause prion diseases.

D VINOD · Answer

PrP$^C$ is the infectious agent in prion diseases.

D VINOD · Answer

The correct Option is "PrP$^C$ is necessary for the development of prion diseases."

D VINOD · Answer

The absence of PrP$^C$ enhances the immune response against prions.

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