The Question is from neet-botany biotechnology , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

Which type of vector is used to introduce a functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes, in gene therapy for ADA deficiency?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Gene Therapy Vectors
	**Related Topics**: ADA Deficiency, Retroviral Vectors, Gene Delivery
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of gene therapy and vector types.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	The question asks about the vector used to introduce a functional ADA cDNA into lymphocytes for gene therapy of ADA deficiency.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Understanding ADA Deficiency**: ADA deficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the immune system. Gene therapy aims to introduce a functional copy of the ADA gene into the patient's lymphocytes.
	2. **Vector Selection**: The choice of vector is crucial for successful gene therapy. Retroviruses are commonly used for gene therapy targeting lymphocytes.
	Reasoning: Retroviruses have the ability to integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA, leading to long-term expression of the introduced gene.  This is crucial for treating genetic disorders like ADA deficiency.
	3. **Retroviral Vectors in ADA Deficiency**: Retroviral vectors are modified to carry the therapeutic ADA cDNA and are used to infect the patient's lymphocytes in vitro. The modified lymphocytes are then infused back into the patient.
	Result: Retroviral vectors are the preferred choice for ADA deficiency gene therapy due to their ability to integrate into the host cell's genome.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] Plasmid :x: Plasmids are circular DNA molecules used in gene cloning and other molecular biology techniques. While they can be used for gene delivery in some contexts, they are not typically used for long-term gene therapy in lymphocytes.
[B] Bacteriophage :x: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are not suitable for delivering genes into human cells.
[C] BAC :x: BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) is a DNA construct used for cloning large DNA fragments. It is not a vector used for gene therapy.
[D] Retrovirus ✓: Retroviruses are commonly used as vectors in gene therapy, especially for targeting lymphocytes. Their ability to integrate into the host genome makes them suitable for treating genetic disorders like ADA deficiency.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing different vector types: Understanding the specific properties and applications of each vector type is essential.
		2. Not considering the target cell type: The choice of vector depends on the target cell type and the desired outcome of gene therapy.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Remember that retroviruses integrate into the host genome, making them suitable for long-term gene expression.
		2. ADA deficiency gene therapy commonly utilizes retroviral vectors.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Plasmid

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Bacteriophage

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

BAC

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Retrovirus"

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