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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
A 55-year-old male presents with progressive dyspnea, cough, and weight loss. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and interstitial infiltrates. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy shows non-caseating granulomas. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Lymphoma
A 30-year-old female presents with recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy. Urine porphyrin levels are elevated. Which enzyme deficiency is MOST likely responsible for her condition?
Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Porphobilinogen deaminase
Ferrochelatase
A patient presents with fever, chills, and a new heart murmur. Blood cultures are positive for Streptococcus viridans. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial empiric antibiotic therapy?
Oral amoxicillin
IV ceftriaxone + vancomycin
IV gentamicin + vancomycin
Oral ciprofloxacin
A 25-year-old male presents with acute onset of flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea, and vomiting. Urinalysis reveals hematuria. A non-contrast CT scan shows a 3mm stone in the distal ureter. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management?
Immediate lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy with stone removal
Hydration and pain control with NSAIDs
Percutaneous nephrostomy
A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with sudden onset of severe tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Which of the following diagnostic tests is MOST likely to confirm the diagnosis?
Chest X-ray
ECG
CT angiography of the chest
Cardiac MRI
A patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis develops severe muscle cramps and weakness. ECG shows prolonged QT interval. Which electrolyte abnormality is MOST likely responsible for these findings?
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia
A researcher uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a gene into a plant cell. Which of the following is NOT a crucial step in this process?
Infection of plant cells with the engineered Agrobacterium
Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid
Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector
Regeneration of the transformed plant cells
Which technique is LEAST suitable for introducing a foreign gene into a mature plant cell with a thick cell wall?
Biolistics
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Microinjection
Heat shock transformation
Which technique is NOT typically used for the production of transgenic animals?
Microinjection of DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg
Retroviral infection of embryonic stem cells
Electroporation of fertilized eggs with recombinant DNA
Transfer of genetically modified embryonic stem cells into a blastocyst
In gene therapy for cystic fibrosis, the most significant barrier to successful gene transfer to the lung epithelium is:
The rapid turnover rate of lung epithelial cells
The thick mucus layer hindering vector access to target cells
The lack of suitable viral vectors for lung tissue
The immune system's rapid clearance of the therapeutic gene
