The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance translation, and it was created by the author NISHANTH

Question

During translation, a tRNA molecule carrying a specific amino acid recognizes the corresponding codon on the mRNA through its anticodon.  A mutation occurs in the anticodon loop of a tRNA specific for alanine, changing it from 3'-CGI-5' to 3'-CCI-5'. Assuming the wobble hypothesis applies, what is the MOST LIKELY consequence of this mutation?

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Translation and the Wobble Hypothesis
	**Related Topics**: Genetic Code, tRNA, mRNA, Codons, Anticodons, Mutations
	**Prerequisites**: Understanding of central dogma, translation process, and codon-anticodon interaction.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	- Original anticodon for alanine tRNA: 3'-CGI-5'
	- Mutated anticodon: 3'-CCI-5'
	- Wobble hypothesis applies.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Determine the original mRNA codon recognized**: 
		Reasoning: The anticodon binds to the codon in an antiparallel manner.
		Working: The original anticodon 3'-CGI-5' recognizes the codon 5'-GCU-3'.
	2. **Determine the new mRNA codon recognized**: 
		Working: The mutated anticodon 3'-CCI-5' will recognize the codon 5'-GGU-3'.
		Key Point: The wobble hypothesis states that the first base (5' end) of the anticodon can have non-standard base pairing with the third base (3' end) of the codon. In this case, the mutated 'I' in the anticodon can still pair with 'U' in the codon.
	3. **Identify the amino acid coded by the new codon**: 
		Result: 5'-GGU-3' codes for glycine.
		Verification: Consulting a genetic code table confirms this.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: The tRNA will still recognize a codon, specifically 5'-GGU-3'.
[B] ✓: The tRNA, originally carrying alanine, now recognizes the codon for glycine (5'-GGU-3').  Therefore, it will insert glycine into the polypeptide chain instead of alanine.
[C] :x: The tRNA will no longer carry alanine. It will be charged with glycine by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
[D] :x: The mutation changes the amino acid incorporated into the protein, thus affecting protein synthesis.
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Incorrectly applying the wobble hypothesis: Remember that wobble occurs at the 5' end of the anticodon and the 3' end of the codon.
		2. Forgetting antiparallel pairing: Ensure you correctly match the codon and anticodon in an antiparallel orientation.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Use a genetic code table to quickly determine the amino acid coded by a given codon.
		2. Remember the standard wobble pairings (e.g., G in anticodon can pair with U or C in codon).

NISHANTH · Answer

The tRNA will no longer recognize any codons.

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "The tRNA will insert glycine into the polypeptide chain instead of alanine."

NISHANTH · Answer

The tRNA will still carry alanine but will recognize different alanine codons.

NISHANTH · Answer

The mutation will have no effect on protein synthesis.

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