Prepare for NEET Biology Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Replication) with MCQs & PYQs on NEET.GUIDE. Access free practice, previous year questions, and expert solutions to study semi-conservative DNA replication and enzymes involved.
NEET Questions / Botany / Molecular Basis of Inheritance / Replication
During DNA replication in eukaryotes, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki fragments. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for joining these fragments together after the removal of RNA primers?
DNA Polymerase I
DNA Polymerase III
DNA Primase
DNA Ligase
Certain mutations in the DNA polymerase delta gene can lead to reduced fidelity of DNA replication. Which of the following would be the MOST LIKELY direct consequence of such a mutation?
Decreased rate of Okazaki fragment synthesis
Inhibition of DNA unwinding by helicase
Increased rate of DNA repair mechanisms
Increased mutation rate in the newly synthesized DNA
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a complex process involving multiple proteins. Which of the following is NOT a function of Replication Protein A (RPA)?
Stabilizing single-stranded DNA
Preventing reannealing of separated DNA strands
Facilitating the binding of other replication proteins
Catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds
Imagine a prokaryotic organism with a mutated DNA polymerase III that lacks 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence of this mutation?
Slower replication fork movement
Inability to initiate DNA replication
A higher rate of mutations in the replicated DNA
Increased formation of Okazaki fragments
Telomerase activity is crucial for maintaining the length of telomeres. Which type of cells would you expect to have the HIGHEST telomerase activity?
Differentiated somatic cells
Senescent cells
Germ cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis
During DNA replication, topoisomerases play a crucial role. Which statement BEST describes the function of topoisomerases?
They synthesize RNA primers for DNA polymerase.
They unwind the DNA double helix at the replication fork.
They relieve torsional stress in the DNA helix ahead of the replication fork.
They join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Primase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Helicase
In which direction does DNA polymerase synthesize the new DNA strand?
3' to 5'
5' to 3'
Both 3' to 5' and 5' to 3'
Randomly
The short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication are called:
Leading strands
Lagging strands
Okazaki fragments
Primers
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
Unwinds DNA
Synthesizes RNA primers
Joins Okazaki fragments
Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
