The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance dna-finger-printing, and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

In DNA fingerprinting, the process of separating DNA fragments of different sizes is called:

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: DNA fingerprinting techniques
 **Related Topics**: Gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments, Southern blotting, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Hybridization
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of DNA structure and molecular biology techniques.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
The question asks about the method used to separate DNA fragments of different sizes in DNA fingerprinting.
**Method & Steps**:
1. Identify the technique used for separating DNA fragments based on size.
  Reasoning: DNA fingerprinting involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and fragment separation. The separation step is crucial for visualizing and analyzing the DNA fragments.
  Formula/Rule: No specific formula is required for this question.
2. Analyze the options provided.
  Working: 
      * **Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):** Amplifies DNA, but doesn't separate fragments by size.
      * **Electrophoresis:** Separates charged molecules (like DNA fragments) based on their size and charge through a gel matrix. Smaller fragments move faster and farther.
      * **Southern Blotting:** Transfers DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane for further analysis (e.g., probing with specific sequences), but doesn't perform the initial separation.
      * **Hybridization:** The process of binding complementary DNA or RNA strands; it's used after separation to detect specific sequences.
 3. Determine the correct technique.
  Result: Electrophoresis is the technique specifically used to separate DNA fragments based on their size in DNA fingerprinting.
  Verification: The principle of electrophoresis aligns perfectly with the need to separate DNA fragments of varying lengths in DNA fingerprinting.  Smaller fragments migrate faster through the gel than larger fragments.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method for amplifying DNA, not for separating DNA fragments by size.
B ✓: Electrophoresis is the correct answer because it separates DNA fragments based on their size and charge.
C :x: Southern blotting is a technique used to transfer DNA from a gel to a membrane, not for initial separation.
D :x: Hybridization is a technique used to detect specific DNA sequences after separation, not for the separation itself.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing electrophoresis with other techniques like PCR or Southern blotting: Understand the distinct roles of each technique in DNA fingerprinting.
  2.Overlooking the size-based separation aspect: Focus on the question's emphasis on separating fragments based on size.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that electrophoresis utilizes an electric field to separate charged molecules based on size and charge.
  2.Associate electrophoresis with gel matrices (agarose or polyacrylamide gels) for DNA fragment separation.

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "Electrophoresis"

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Southern Blotting

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

Hybridization

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