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The 'glycolate metabolism' pathway in some Chlorophyceae involves a unique organelle. Which one is it, and what is its primary function in this context?
Peroxisome; glycolate oxidation
Mitochondrion; ATP synthesis
Chloroplast; CO2 fixation
Golgi apparatus; protein modification
Certain Chlorophyceae demonstrate a unique adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments. What specialized cellular structure enables this adaptation, and what is its primary function?
Heterocysts; nitrogen fixation
Pyrenoids; carbon fixation
Vacuoles; nutrient storage
Flagella; enhanced motility
The protein-rich storage bodies found within the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas are crucial for survival under stressful conditions. What is the specific name for these structures, and what is their primary composition?
Pyrenoids; RuBisCO and starch
Eyespots; carotenoids and lipids
Vacuoles; water and ions
Flagella; tubulin and dynein
In Volvox, a colonial Chlorophyceae, cytoplasmic connections between cells play a crucial role in coordinating movement and other functions. What is the specific term for these connections, and what is their primary structural composition?
Plasmodesmata; cytoplasmic strands
Desmosomes; intermediate filaments
Gap junctions; connexin proteins
Tight junctions; claudin and occludin proteins
Certain marine brown algae contain algin, which is commercially important. Algin is a type of:
Carrageenan
Agar
Floridean starch
Phycocolloid
Which unusual photosynthetic pigment combination distinguishes members of the class Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates)?
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a, phycobilins
Chlorophyll d, phycoerythrin
Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, carotenoids
The haplontic life cycle is dominant in which algal group, where the zygote is the only diploid stage?
Fucus
Ectocarpus
Polysiphonia
Volvox
Which algal division is characterized by the presence of a 'peculiar' type of nuclear division and the absence of flagellated stages in its life cycle?
Chlorophyta
Phaeophyta
Rhodophyta
Xanthophyta
In some algae, the pyrenoids are surrounded by a sheath of starch plates. This characteristic is primarily found in:
Phaeophyta
Rhodophyta
Chlorophyta
Cyanobacteria
The mannitol is the stored food material of which group of algae?
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Phaeophyta (Brown algae)
Cyanobacteria