The Question is from neet-botany , and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

BACs and YACs played a crucial role in the Human Genome Project. What are they?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Cloning vectors in genetic engineering
 **Related Topics**: Human Genome Project, genetic mapping, DNA cloning
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of DNA, genes, and cloning techniques.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  BACs and YACs were crucial in the Human Genome Project.
  Options: Sequencing enzymes, Cloning vectors, Types of DNA polymerase, Gene editing tools.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the role of BACs and YACs in the Human Genome Project.
  Reasoning: The Human Genome Project involved sequencing the entire human genome.  This required cloning and manipulating large DNA fragments.  BACs and YACs are specifically designed for this purpose.
 2. Analyze the provided options to determine which best describes BACs and YACs.
  Working: 
            * Sequencing enzymes: These are used in the process of sequencing DNA, but they don't directly clone large DNA fragments. 
            * Cloning vectors: These are tools used to carry and replicate DNA fragments within a host organism. BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) and YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are types of cloning vectors specifically designed to clone large DNA fragments. 
            * Types of DNA polymerase:  These are enzymes crucial for DNA replication, but not directly involved in cloning large DNA segments. 
            * Gene editing tools: These tools (like CRISPR) are used to modify DNA sequences, not primarily for cloning large fragments.
 3. Conclude based on the analysis.
  Result: BACs and YACs are cloning vectors.
  Verification: The role of BACs and YACs in the Human Genome Project was specifically to clone and handle large DNA fragments, which aligns perfectly with the definition of cloning vectors.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Sequencing enzymes are involved in DNA sequencing, not in cloning large DNA fragments.
B ✓: BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes) and YACs (Yeast Artificial Chromosomes) are cloning vectors, specifically designed to handle large DNA fragments, making them essential for the Human Genome Project.
C :x: DNA polymerases are enzymes involved in DNA replication, not directly in cloning large fragments.
D :x: Gene editing tools modify existing DNA sequences, not used primarily for cloning large DNA fragments.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing cloning vectors with sequencing enzymes or gene editing tools: Focus on the primary function of each tool.
  2.Not understanding the scale of the Human Genome Project and the need for vectors capable of handling large DNA fragments:  The sheer size of the human genome necessitated the use of vectors capable of cloning large pieces of DNA.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that BACs and YACs are types of vectors designed to clone large DNA sequences.
  2.Associate BACs with bacteria and YACs with yeast to help remember their respective host organisms.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Sequencing enzymes

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "Cloning vectors"

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Types of DNA polymerase

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

Gene editing tools

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