The Question is from neet-botany , and it was created by the author K SURESH KUMAR

Question

Consider the following statements about fungal nutrition:

I. All fungi are heterotrophic.
II. Some fungi are saprophytic, while others are parasitic.
III. Fungi can digest complex organic compounds like cellulose and lignin.
IV.  Fungi exclusively absorb nutrients through phagocytosis.

Which of the above statements are CORRECT?

K SURESH KUMAR · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Fungal Nutrition
 **Related Topics**: Heterotrophy, Saprophytism, Parasitism, Digestion, Absorption
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of fungal biology and nutritional modes.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
    Statements about fungal nutrition: I, II, III, IV.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze each statement individually.
  Reasoning: Evaluate the accuracy of each statement based on knowledge of fungal biology.
 2. Determine which statements are true.
  Working: 
            * **I. All fungi are heterotrophic:** This is true. Fungi cannot produce their own food and rely on external organic sources for nutrition.
            * **II. Some fungi are saprophytic, while others are parasitic:** This is true. Saprophytic fungi obtain nutrients from dead organic matter, while parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from living organisms.
            * **III. Fungi can digest complex organic compounds like cellulose and lignin:** This is true. Fungi secrete extracellular enzymes that break down complex organic molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed.
            * **IV. Fungi exclusively absorb nutrients through phagocytosis:** This is false. While some simple organisms use phagocytosis (engulfing food particles), fungi primarily absorb nutrients through their cell walls using extracellular enzymes. They do not engulf food particles.
 3. Identify the combination of correct statements.
  Result: Statements I, II, and III are correct.
  Verification: Review the biological basis of each statement to confirm accuracy.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Only includes I and II, excluding the correct statement III.
B :x: Only includes II and III, omitting the correct statement I.
 C ✓: Correctly identifies I, II, and III as true statements.
D :x: Includes the false statement IV.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1. Confusing phagocytosis with absorption in fungal nutrition: Fungi use absorption, not phagocytosis, as their primary mode of nutrient uptake. To avoid this mistake, remember that phagocytosis involves engulfing particles, whereas absorption involves direct uptake of dissolved substances.
  2. Incorrectly assuming all fungi are parasitic or saprophytic: Fungi exhibit diverse nutritional strategies, including saprophytism, parasitism, and mutualism. To avoid this mistake, remember that these are simply different ways of obtaining organic nutrients.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember the key characteristics of heterotrophic organisms, saprophytes, and parasites.
  2. Focus on the mechanisms of nutrient acquisition in fungi (extracellular digestion and absorption).

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

I and II only

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

II and III only

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

The correct Option is "I, II, and III only"

K SURESH KUMAR · Answer

I, II, III, and IV

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