The Question is from neet-botany , and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

Which of the following statements regarding apomixis is INCORRECT?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Apomixis
	**Related Topics**: Asexual Reproduction, Seed Formation, Plant Breeding, Genetics
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of sexual and asexual reproduction in plants.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
A multiple-choice question about apomixis.
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Define Apomixis**: Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants that mimics sexual reproduction. Seeds are produced without fertilization.
	2. **Consequences of Apomixis**:  Since there's no fertilization, the resulting offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant (clonal propagation). This is the key to understanding why hybrid vigor is not maintained.
	3. **Hybrid Vigor**: Hybrid vigor, or heterosis, is the increased strength and growth observed in offspring from crosses between genetically different parents. This superior performance is due to the combination of different beneficial alleles from each parent.
	4. **Impact of Apomixis on Hybrid Vigor**: Because apomixis produces clones, the heterozygous genotype of a hybrid plant is not maintained in subsequent generations.  Each generation will be a clone of the initial hybrid, and therefore, the hybrid vigor will eventually decrease as the heterozygosity is not maintained through sexual reproduction and recombination.
	Result: Option C is incorrect.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] ✓: Seeds are formed without fertilization. This is the defining characteristic of apomixis.
[B] ✓: It leads to clonal propagation. Because there's no fertilization or meiosis, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant.
[C] :x: It maintains hybrid vigor over generations. This is incorrect.  Hybrid vigor diminishes over generations in apomictic plants because the heterozygosity is not maintained.
[D] ✓: It is seen in some species of Asteraceae and grasses. This is true.  Apomixis is known to occur in various plant families, including Asteraceae and Poaceae (grasses).
## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing apomixis with self-pollination: Self-pollination still involves fertilization, while apomixis does not.
		2. Assuming all asexual reproduction maintains hybrid vigor: Only sexual reproduction with crossing of different genotypes maintains hybrid vigor.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1. Remember 'Apo' means 'away from' or 'without', and 'mixis' refers to 'mixing' (as in gametes). So, apomixis is 'without mixing' of gametes.
		2. Associate apomixis with cloning in plants.  This helps to remember that offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

B VENKAT · Answer

Seeds are formed without fertilization

B VENKAT · Answer

It leads to clonal propagation

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "It maintains hybrid vigor over generations"

B VENKAT · Answer

It is seen in some species of Asteraceae and grasses

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