The Question is from neet-zoology excretory-products-and-their-elimination , and it was created by the author BALASOURY

Question

A patient presents with significantly reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) but normal plasma protein levels.  Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of this condition?

BALASOURY · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and its determinants.
 **Related Topics**: Renal physiology, kidney diseases, liver disease, plasma protein levels.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of GFR, its regulation, and the role of the glomerulus and associated vasculature.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Reduced GFR
  Normal plasma protein levels
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze the effect of each option on GFR and plasma protein levels.
  Reasoning: We need to identify the option that is least likely to cause reduced GFR while maintaining normal plasma protein levels.
 2. Evaluate each option individually.
  Working:
  A. Constriction of the afferent arteriole: This reduces blood flow to the glomerulus, directly decreasing GFR. Plasma protein levels remain unaffected.
  B. Acute kidney injury affecting glomerular capillaries: Damage to the glomeruli directly impairs filtration, reducing GFR.  This could also affect protein filtration, but depending on the severity, plasma protein levels might remain normal initially.
  C. Urinary tract obstruction: This increases pressure in the renal system, reducing GFR.  Protein levels are typically unaffected unless the obstruction is severe and long-standing.
  D. Severe liver disease: Liver disease primarily affects protein synthesis and metabolism. While it can indirectly impact kidney function in advanced stages, it is unlikely to be the primary cause of significantly reduced GFR while maintaining normal plasma protein levels.  The more direct effect would be altered protein levels.
 3. Identify the least likely cause.
  Result: Severe liver disease (option D) is the least likely cause because it primarily affects protein metabolism, not directly impacting GFR as significantly as the other options.
  Verification: The other options directly affect renal blood flow or glomerular function, leading to reduced GFR.  Option D has a less direct and weaker effect on GFR compared to the others.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Constriction of the afferent arteriole directly reduces GFR.
B :x: Acute kidney injury directly impacts glomerular function and GFR.
C :x: Urinary tract obstruction leads to increased back pressure and reduced GFR.
D ✓: Severe liver disease has a less direct and weaker effect on GFR compared to the other options, and primarily affects protein metabolism.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the effects of afferent vs. efferent arteriolar constriction on GFR.
  2.Overlooking the indirect nature of liver disease's impact on renal function.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Focus on the direct impact of each option on GFR and protein filtration.
  2.Remember that liver disease mainly affects protein synthesis and metabolism, not directly the glomerular filtration process.

BALASOURY · Answer

Constriction of the afferent arteriole

BALASOURY · Answer

Acute kidney injury affecting glomerular capillaries

BALASOURY · Answer

Urinary tract obstruction

BALASOURY · Answer

The correct Option is "Severe liver disease"

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