Prepare for NEET Biology Excretory Products And Their Elimination with MCQs & PYQs on NEET.GUIDE. Get free practice, previous year questions, and expert help to understand kidney function.
NEET Questions / Zoology / Excretory Products And Their Elimination
A rare genetic disorder leads to impaired urea transport across cell membranes within the nephron. Which region's function would be MOST directly compromised, leading to a significant disruption in the establishment of the medullary concentration gradient?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Thick Ascending Limb of the Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct
A patient exhibits increased blood pressure and edema. Laboratory tests reveal elevated levels of renin and aldosterone, but suppressed levels of ANP. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely responsible for this clinical presentation?
High sodium intake
Excessive water intake
Renal artery stenosis
Atrial fibrillation
A patient presents with significantly reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) but normal plasma protein levels. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of this condition?
Constriction of the afferent arteriole
Acute kidney injury affecting glomerular capillaries
Urinary tract obstruction
Severe liver disease
Which organ, besides the kidneys, plays a significant role in converting ammonia to urea, especially during conditions of high protein intake or liver dysfunction?
Lungs
Spleen
Muscles
Pancreas
Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to directly cause acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Severe dehydration
Aminoglycoside antibiotic overdose
Chronic bronchitis
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Which of the following combinations of factors would MOST significantly impair the kidney's ability to produce concentrated urine?
High ADH levels and increased water permeability of the collecting duct
Low ADH levels and increased urea recycling in the medulla
High ADH levels and impaired Na+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb
Low ADH levels and impaired Na+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb
The vasa recta play a crucial role in maintaining the medullary concentration gradient. Which characteristic of the vasa recta is MOST essential for this function?
High blood flow rate
Active transport of NaCl into the blood
Countercurrent exchange of solutes and water
Impermeability to urea
A patient presents with a significantly reduced bladder capacity, experiencing frequent and urgent urination, even at night. Damage to which specific neural pathway is MOST likely responsible for this condition, assuming no obstruction or infection?
Lumbar sympathetic outflow
Sacral parasympathetic outflow
Pudendal nerve somatic innervation
Hypogastric nerve sympathetic innervation
Lesions in which area of the central nervous system would MOST likely result in a loss of voluntary control over micturition, leading to automatic bladder emptying?
Sacral spinal cord
Pontine micturition center
Cerebral cortex or spinal cord above the sacral region
Hypothalamus
A patient presents with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Further investigation reveals suppressed renin levels and elevated aldosterone levels. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these findings?
Conn's syndrome
Addison's disease
Type I renal tubular acidosis
Type IV renal tubular acidosis
