The Question is from neet-zoology , and it was created by the author T SAILAJA

Question

Which specific type of chromosomal translocation is MOST frequently associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and what are the resulting fusion gene and its protein product?

T SAILAJA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Chromosomal translocations in cancer
 **Related Topics**: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of chromosomal translocations, gene fusion, and oncogenes.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
The question asks about the chromosomal translocation most frequently associated with CML, the resulting fusion gene, and its protein product.
**Method & Steps**:
1. Identify the chromosomal translocation associated with CML.
  Reasoning: Chronic myeloid leukemia is strongly associated with a specific reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22.
  Formula/Rule: N/A
2. Determine the resulting fusion gene and its protein product.
  Working: The translocation t(9;22) leads to the fusion of the *BCR* gene on chromosome 22 and the *ABL1* gene on chromosome 9, creating the *BCR-ABL1* fusion gene.  This fusion gene encodes a constitutively active tyrosine kinase.
  Key Point: The BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase is a crucial driver of CML pathogenesis.
3. Select the correct option based on the fusion gene and its protein product.
  Result: The correct option is C: t(9;22); BCR-ABL; Tyrosine kinase.
  Verification: This is consistent with established knowledge of CML genetics and its treatment.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: t(8;14) is associated with Burkitt lymphoma, resulting in MYC overexpression.
B :x: t(14;18) is associated with follicular lymphoma, resulting in BCL2 overexpression.
 C ✓: t(9;22) is the Philadelphia chromosome, characteristic of CML. The BCR-ABL fusion gene produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase.
D :x: t(15;17) is associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), resulting in PML-RARA fusion.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the translocations associated with different leukemias:  Remembering the specific translocations and their associated cancers requires focused learning and practice.
  2.Misidentifying the protein product of the fusion gene: Understanding the functional consequences of the fusion protein (e.g., constitutive activation of tyrosine kinase) is key.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Use mnemonics or diagrams to remember the chromosomal translocations and associated cancers.
  2.Focus on the key characteristics of each translocation and its associated disease.

T SAILAJA · Answer

t(8;14); MYC-IGH; Transcription factor.

T SAILAJA · Answer

t(14;18); BCL2-IGH; Anti-apoptotic protein.

T SAILAJA · Answer

The correct Option is "t(9;22); BCR-ABL; Tyrosine kinase."

T SAILAJA · Answer

t(15;17); PML-RARA; Retinoic acid receptor.

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