Infection of plant cells with the engineered Agrobacterium

Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid

Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector

Regeneration of the transformed plant cells

A novel strategy was adopted to prevent pest infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference

RNAi involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary ssRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of mRNA

Agrobacterium vectors have been used to introduce nematode specific genes into the tobacco plant

The source of complementary RNA used in this technique could be from an infection by viruses having RNA genomes

Cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively

Corn borer and cotton bollworms respectively

Tobacco budworms and nematodes respectively

Nematodes and tobacco budworms respectively

Herbicides kill plant mostly by blocking PS-II (photolysis of water) and occasionally phloem transport

Insecticides kill insects mostly through impairment of nerve conduction and sometimes through respiratory arrest

Both (a) and (b)

None of the above

I and II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

pBR322

pUC8

Modified Ti plasmid

Simian virus

Introduction of high yielding varieties

Intensive use of fertilizers

Extensive intercropping

Intensive use of biopesticides

Hybreed seeds

Increased chlorophyll content

Mutations resulting in plant height reduction

Quantitative trait mutations

$\alpha$ -1 antitrypsin obtained from transgenic animals is used to treat emphysema

The first gene therapy was done in 1990 for a four years old baby

Golden rice is rich in Vitamin A

Cryl Ab gene is introduced in cotton plant to develop resistance against cotton bollworm

I and II

I and III

II and III

I, II and III

Beetles

Armyworm

Flies

Ants