The Question is from neet-botany biotechnology , and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

A researcher uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a gene into a plant cell.  Which of the following is NOT a crucial step in this process?

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in plants
 **Related Topics**: Genetic engineering, plant transformation, Ti plasmid, binary vector system
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of bacterial plasmids, gene cloning, plant tissue culture
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	The question asks which step is NOT crucial in using *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* for plant transformation.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze each option to determine its role in the process.
  Reasoning:  Agrobacterium-mediated transformation relies on the bacterium's natural ability to transfer DNA (specifically, T-DNA from the Ti plasmid) into plant cells.
 2. Identify the non-essential step.
  Working: Let's examine each option:
  a. Infection of plant cells with engineered *Agrobacterium*: This is essential; the bacteria deliver the gene.
  b. Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid:  This is crucial; the gene needs to be within the T-DNA to be transferred.
  c. Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector:  This is NOT necessary for *Agrobacterium*-mediated plant transformation.  Yeast vectors are used in different contexts.
  d. Regeneration of transformed plant cells: This is essential; the transformed cells need to develop into whole plants.
 3. Determine the correct answer.
  Result: Option C is the only step that is not a crucial part of *Agrobacterium*-mediated plant transformation.
  Verification: The process relies on the Ti plasmid within *Agrobacterium*, not a yeast expression vector.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Infection is the initial and necessary step for gene transfer.
B :x:  Insertion of the gene into the Ti plasmid is fundamental for successful transformation.
C :x: Ligation into a yeast vector is irrelevant to the *Agrobacterium* method. This step might be used in other cloning strategies, but not in this specific context.
D :x: Regeneration is essential to obtain a whole transformed plant.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing *Agrobacterium* transformation with other gene transfer methods: Remember the specific role of the Ti plasmid and *Agrobacterium*.
  2.Overlooking the importance of regeneration:  Transformation is incomplete without regenerating whole plants from transformed cells.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Focus on the key components: *Agrobacterium*, Ti plasmid, T-DNA, and plant regeneration.
  2.Remember that *Agrobacterium* is a natural vector for plant transformation.

B VENKAT · Answer

Infection of plant cells with the engineered Agrobacterium

B VENKAT · Answer

Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector"

B VENKAT · Answer

Regeneration of the transformed plant cells

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