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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
A researcher uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to introduce a gene into a plant cell. Which of the following is NOT a crucial step in this process?
Infection of plant cells with the engineered Agrobacterium
Insertion of the gene of interest into the Ti plasmid
Ligation of the gene into a yeast expression vector
Regeneration of the transformed plant cells
RNA interference (RNAi) technology is being explored for developing pest-resistant plants. Which statement about RNAi is INCORRECT?
The RNAi effect can be highly specific to the target pest.
The introduced dsRNA is processed into smaller interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
RNAi primarily works by blocking translation of target mRNA.
The RNAi trait is easily inherited through traditional plant breeding methods.
Which specific enzymatic cleavage is crucial for converting proinsulin to active insulin in the production of genetically engineered human insulin?
A. Cleavage at the N-terminus of the A-chain
B. Cleavage at the C-terminus of the B-chain
C. Removal of the C-peptide by specific endopeptidases
D. Cleavage of disulfide bonds linking A and B chains
Ex vivo gene therapy involves:
Directly injecting the therapeutic gene into the patient
Modifying cells outside the body and then reintroducing them
Using a viral vector to deliver the gene in vivo
Modifying germline cells to correct genetic defects
In the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), hybridomas are created. What crucial property makes hybridomas suitable for large-scale mAb production?
Ability to phagocytose antigens.
Short lifespan, ensuring consistent antibody quality.
Continuous cell division and antibody secretion.
Capacity to produce diverse antibody isotypes.
The development of biosimilars offers a cost-effective alternative to innovator biologics. Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic that biosimilars must demonstrate compared to their reference product?
Highly similar physicochemical properties
Comparable efficacy and safety profile
Identical amino acid sequence
Similar pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using genetically modified (GM) crops in agriculture?
Enhanced nutritional value
Increased crop yield
Increased susceptibility to pests
Reduced reliance on pesticides
Which gene transfer method is commonly used to create transgenic plants?
Electroporation
Microinjection
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Particle bombardment
The use of biofertilizers in agriculture promotes:
Increased pesticide use
Soil degradation
Sustainable agriculture
Water pollution
Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance?
Type 1
Type 2
Gestational diabetes
MODY
