The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance , and it was created by the author NISHANTH

Question

The Human Genome Project utilized a hierarchical approach to sequencing. Which of the following correctly describes the 'clone-by-clone' sequencing strategy?

NISHANTH · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Genome Sequencing Strategies
 **Related Topics**: Human Genome Project, BACs, Cloning, DNA Sequencing
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of DNA structure, cloning techniques, and sequencing technologies.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
The question asks about the clone-by-clone sequencing strategy used in the Human Genome Project.
**Method & Steps**:
1. Understanding the clone-by-clone approach:
  Reasoning: The clone-by-clone strategy is a hierarchical approach where the genome is broken down into manageable fragments for sequencing.
  Formula/Rule:  No specific formula is required.
2. Analyzing the options:
  Working: Let's evaluate each option:
  Option A: This describes a shotgun sequencing approach, not clone-by-clone.
  Option B: This also describes a shotgun sequencing approach.
  Option C: This is not a common or efficient approach for large-scale genome sequencing.
  Option D: This accurately describes the clone-by-clone method: large DNA fragments are first cloned into Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), then mapped to determine their order, and finally subcloned into smaller vectors for easier sequencing.
  Key Point: BACs are large cloning vectors capable of holding large DNA fragments.
3. Final Step:
  Result: Option D correctly describes the clone-by-clone sequencing strategy.
  Verification: The description matches the characteristics of the clone-by-clone approach used in the Human Genome Project.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: This describes a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach.
B :x: This describes a whole-genome shotgun sequencing approach.
C :x: This is not a feasible or efficient strategy for sequencing a large genome.
D ✓: This accurately describes the clone-by-clone strategy, which involves cloning large fragments into BACs, mapping them, and then sequencing subclones.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing clone-by-clone with shotgun sequencing:  Understanding the fundamental differences between these approaches is crucial.
  2.Lack of knowledge about BACs and their role in large-scale genome sequencing: Familiarize yourself with the properties and uses of BACs and other cloning vectors.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that clone-by-clone is a hierarchical approach, proceeding from large to small fragments.
  2.Associate BACs with clone-by-clone sequencing.

NISHANTH · Answer

Large DNA fragments were directly sequenced using high-throughput methods.

NISHANTH · Answer

Small DNA fragments were randomly sequenced and assembled computationally.

NISHANTH · Answer

The entire genome was amplified using PCR and then sequenced in segments.

NISHANTH · Answer

The correct Option is "Large DNA fragments were cloned into BACs, mapped, and then subcloned into smaller vectors for sequencing."

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