The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance , and it was created by the author B VENKAT

Question

The unique pattern of DNA fragments obtained in DNA fingerprinting is due to:

B VENKAT · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: DNA fingerprinting and its underlying principles.
 **Related Topics**:  VNTRs (Variable Number Tandem Repeats), DNA polymorphisms, genetic variation.
 **Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of DNA structure and replication.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The question asks about the source of unique DNA fragment patterns in DNA fingerprinting.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Understanding DNA fingerprinting:
  Reasoning: DNA fingerprinting relies on analyzing variations in an individual's DNA to create a unique profile.
  Formula/Rule:  None directly applicable, but understanding of VNTRs is crucial.
 2. Identifying the key variation:
  Working:  The unique patterns are primarily due to variations in the lengths of VNTR sequences. VNTRs are repeating DNA sequences that vary in length between individuals. These variations are amplified using PCR and then separated by electrophoresis to produce the unique fingerprint.
  Key Point:  While coding sequences and mitochondrial DNA also have variations, they are not the primary source of the variability used in DNA fingerprinting because they are less variable between individuals.
 3. Final conclusion:
  Result: The unique pattern of DNA fragments is due to variations in the length of VNTR sequences.
  Verification:  The technique relies on the high variability of VNTRs to distinguish individuals.  Other options offer less variability and are not the primary basis of DNA fingerprinting.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Variations in coding sequences are responsible for differences in protein production, but they are not as highly variable between individuals as VNTRs and thus don't create the unique patterns seen in fingerprinting.
B ✓: Variations in the length of VNTR sequences are the foundation of DNA fingerprinting. The number of repeats varies greatly between individuals, creating unique patterns.
C :x: Differences in chromosome number are usually associated with genetic disorders (aneuploidy) and are not the basis of DNA fingerprinting's variability.
D :x: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA are inherited maternally and while they can be used in some genetic analyses, they are not the primary source of the variability observed in DNA fingerprinting.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing VNTRs with other types of DNA variations: Understanding the specific role of VNTRs in generating unique patterns is key.
   [How to avoid]: Focus on the definition and function of VNTRs in the context of DNA fingerprinting.
  2.Overlooking the significance of length variation:  The unique pattern is not just about the presence or absence of a sequence, but the length of the repeating units.
   [How to avoid]: Emphasize the role of length polymorphism in creating the unique fingerprint.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember VNTR stands for Variable Number Tandem Repeats, emphasizing the variability in repeat number.
  2.Visualize the electrophoresis gel showing the different fragment lengths producing unique banding patterns.

B VENKAT · Answer

Variations in the coding sequences of genes

B VENKAT · Answer

The correct Option is "Variations in the length of VNTR sequences"

B VENKAT · Answer

Differences in the number of chromosomes

B VENKAT · Answer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA

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