The Question is from neet-zoology chemical-coordincation-and-integration , and it was created by the author BALASOURY

Question

A rare tumor of the adrenal medulla secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines. Which physiological responses would be observed in a patient with this tumor?

BALASOURY · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Effects of Catecholamines on the Body
 **Related Topics**: Adrenal medulla, Pheochromocytoma, Sympathetic Nervous System, Hormones
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of the sympathetic nervous system and the actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The adrenal medulla secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
  Catecholamines are the primary hormones of the sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight response).
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
  Reasoning: Epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to adrenergic receptors, leading to various physiological changes.
  Formula/Rule:  No specific formula, but understanding the physiological effects of these hormones is crucial.
 2. Determine the overall effect of increased catecholamine levels.
  Working: Increased epinephrine and norepinephrine will stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and increased blood glucose (hyperglycemia) due to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
  Key Point:  The sympathetic nervous system activation increases metabolic rate and prepares the body for action.
 3. Select the option reflecting these effects.
  Result: Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia.
  Verification: This aligns with the known physiological effects of excessive catecholamine release.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and hypoglycemia are opposite to the effects of increased catecholamines.
B ✓: Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia are the expected effects of excessive catecholamine release, consistent with sympathetic nervous system activation.
C :x:  Decreased heart rate is inconsistent with increased catecholamine levels.
D :x: Decreased blood pressure is inconsistent with increased catecholamine levels.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems: Remember that catecholamines are associated with the sympathetic (fight-or-flight) response.
  2.Misunderstanding the metabolic effects of catecholamines:  Recall that they promote hyperglycemia.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Think 'fight-or-flight' response when considering catecholamine effects.
  2.Remember the mnemonic:  'Epinephrine = Elevated Everything' (heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar).

BALASOURY · Answer

Decreased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and hypoglycemia

BALASOURY · Answer

The correct Option is "Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia"

BALASOURY · Answer

Decreased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia

BALASOURY · Answer

Increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and hypoglycemia

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