The Question is from neet-botany biotechnology , and it was created by the author D VINOD

Question

Which technique is LEAST suitable for introducing a foreign gene into a mature plant cell with a thick cell wall?

D VINOD · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Plant transformation techniques
 **Related Topics**: Cell wall structure, gene delivery methods
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of plant cell structure and gene transfer mechanisms.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  Mature plant cell with a thick cell wall.
  Goal: Introduce a foreign gene.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Analyze each technique's mechanism and suitability for thick cell walls.
  Reasoning:  The effectiveness of gene transfer methods depends on their ability to penetrate the cell wall and deliver the genetic material into the cytoplasm.
 2. Evaluate the penetration capabilities of each method.
  Working:
  * **Biolistics (Gene Gun):** This method physically forces DNA-coated particles into cells, effectively penetrating thick cell walls. 
  * **Agrobacterium-mediated transformation:**  Uses the natural ability of *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* bacteria to transfer DNA into plant cells.  While the bacteria can overcome the cell wall, it is still a relatively efficient method even with thick cell walls. 
  * **Microinjection:** Directly injects DNA into the cell using a fine needle.  While effective, it requires precise manipulation and is challenging with thick cell walls due to the difficulty of penetrating the wall without damaging the cell.
  * **Heat shock transformation:** This method relies on temporarily increasing the cell's membrane permeability to allow DNA uptake.  This is generally less effective for plant cells with thick cell walls as the cell wall acts as a significant barrier preventing increased permeability from having a significant effect.
  Key Point: The thick cell wall presents a significant barrier to many gene transfer methods.
 3. Identify the least suitable method.
  Result: Heat shock transformation is the least suitable method due to its low efficiency in penetrating thick cell walls.
  Verification: The other three methods are known to be successful in transforming plant cells, including those with thick cell walls.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: Biolistics is effective in penetrating thick cell walls because it physically forces DNA into the cell.
B :x: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a common and effective method, even with thick cell walls.
C :x: Microinjection, though challenging, can still be used with mature plant cells; it is more difficult but not impossible with thick cell walls.
D :x: Heat shock transformation is generally ineffective for plant cells, especially those with thick cell walls, because it doesn't effectively overcome the cell wall barrier.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1. Assuming all transformation methods are equally effective for all cell types: Different methods have different efficiencies depending on the cell wall thickness and cell type.
  How to avoid: Consider the cell wall properties when choosing a transformation method.
  2. Overlooking the limitations of heat shock transformation in plants: Heat shock is more effective for bacteria and some other organisms but significantly less so for plant cells with thick cell walls.
  How to avoid: Understand the limitations of each technique before applying it.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Biolistics is a good choice for thick-walled cells.
  2. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used, relatively efficient method for many plants.

D VINOD · Answer

Biolistics

D VINOD · Answer

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

D VINOD · Answer

Microinjection

D VINOD · Answer

The correct Option is "Heat shock transformation"

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