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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
A 30-year-old female presents with recurrent episodes of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy. Urine porphyrin levels are elevated. Which enzyme deficiency is MOST likely responsible for her condition?
Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Porphobilinogen deaminase
Ferrochelatase
A patient presents with fever, chills, and a new heart murmur. Blood cultures are positive for Streptococcus viridans. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial empiric antibiotic therapy?
Oral amoxicillin
IV ceftriaxone + vancomycin
IV gentamicin + vancomycin
Oral ciprofloxacin
A 25-year-old male presents with acute onset of flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea, and vomiting. Urinalysis reveals hematuria. A non-contrast CT scan shows a 3mm stone in the distal ureter. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management?
Immediate lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy with stone removal
Hydration and pain control with NSAIDs
Percutaneous nephrostomy
A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with sudden onset of severe tearing chest pain radiating to the back. Which of the following diagnostic tests is MOST likely to confirm the diagnosis?
Chest X-ray
ECG
CT angiography of the chest
Cardiac MRI
A scientist is attempting to develop a transgenic crop resistant to a specific lepidopteran pest. Which gene would be the LEAST suitable candidate for transfer?
A gene encoding a Bt toxin
A gene conferring resistance to a bacterial pathogen
A gene involved in photosynthesis
A gene encoding a protein that disrupts insect gut function
Which combination of technologies is MOST likely to be employed in developing a 'Golden Rice' variety with enhanced iron bioavailability?
Phytoene synthase gene transfer, Lycopene beta-cyclase gene transfer
Ferritin gene transfer, Phytase gene transfer
Cry gene transfer, Proteinase inhibitor gene transfer
Viral coat protein gene transfer, Chitinase gene transfer
Which technique is LEAST suitable for introducing a foreign gene into a mature plant cell with a thick cell wall?
Biolistics
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Microinjection
Heat shock transformation
A scientist aims to modify the human insulin gene to increase its binding affinity to the insulin receptor. Which amino acid substitution within the insulin A-chain is MOST likely to achieve this, considering its role in receptor interaction?
A. Valine at A3 to Leucine
B. Glycine at A1 to Glutamic acid
C. Isoleucine at A2 to Valine
D. Glutamine at A5 to Asparagine
In the context of producing genetically engineered human insulin, why is the formation of inclusion bodies in E. coli sometimes considered advantageous despite requiring additional processing steps?
A. Inclusion bodies protect insulin from proteolytic degradation within the bacterial cell
B. Inclusion bodies directly facilitate the formation of correct disulfide bonds
C. Inclusion bodies enhance the solubility and secretion of insulin from the bacterial cell
D. Inclusion bodies simplify the purification process by eliminating the need for chromatography
A researcher is attempting to express human proinsulin in a eukaryotic expression system like yeast. Compared to bacterial systems, what distinct advantage does this offer concerning post-translational modifications?
A. Yeast can directly cleave proinsulin into active insulin without the need for enzymatic treatment
B. Yeast can perform glycosylation, which may enhance insulin stability or activity
C. Yeast prevents the formation of inclusion bodies, simplifying purification
D. Yeast systems eliminate the risk of endotoxin contamination
