The Question is from neet-botany molecular-basis-of-inheritance mutations, and it was created by the author Mr. NARESH KUMAR K

Question

A frameshift mutation occurs in a gene encoding a crucial enzyme. Which of the following is the LEAST likely consequence?

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: A
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Frameshift mutations and their effects on protein synthesis.
 **Related Topics**: Genetic mutations, protein structure and function, codons, translation.
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of DNA structure, the genetic code, and the process of translation (protein synthesis).
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
A frameshift mutation alters the reading frame of a gene, changing the sequence of codons downstream from the mutation.

**Method & Steps**:
1. Understanding Frameshift Mutations: A frameshift mutation inserts or deletes a number of nucleotides that is not a multiple of three. This shifts the reading frame of the mRNA, leading to a completely different sequence of codons being read during translation.
2. Consequences of Frameshift Mutations: This typically results in a non-functional protein.  The altered sequence often leads to a premature stop codon (truncated protein), or a significantly altered amino acid sequence resulting in a protein with a different structure and function.
3. Least Likely Consequence:  A silent mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence that does not result in a change to the amino acid sequence of the protein.  Because a frameshift mutation fundamentally alters the reading frame, it is highly unlikely that it would result in a silent mutation.

Result: Option A, a silent mutation, is the least likely outcome.
 Verification:  The other options (truncated protein, altered activity, completely different protein) are all highly probable consequences of a frameshift mutation.
## OPTION ANALYSIS
A ✓: A silent mutation is highly unlikely because a frameshift mutation alters the reading frame, changing almost all subsequent codons.  A silent mutation requires a change in the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid sequence.
B :x: A truncated protein is a very likely outcome, as frameshift mutations often introduce premature stop codons.
C :x: An altered amino acid sequence is extremely probable, since the entire reading frame is changed after the mutation site.
D :x: A completely different protein with a different function is highly likely due to the drastic change in amino acid sequence.
## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing frameshift mutations with point mutations (substitutions):  Frameshifts alter the reading frame, while point mutations only change a single nucleotide.
  How to avoid: Understand the difference between the types of mutations and their effects on the protein sequence.
  2.Assuming a frameshift always leads to a premature stop codon: While common, it's not guaranteed. The altered sequence might extend the protein or produce a different protein entirely.
  How to avoid: Recognize that the consequences of frameshift mutations are varied but generally lead to non-functional proteins.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that frameshift mutations are caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that are not multiples of three.
  2.Visualize the reading frame shift to understand how it drastically alters the protein sequence.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

The correct Option is "A silent mutation resulting in no change to the enzyme's function."

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

A truncated, non-functional protein due to a premature stop codon.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

An altered amino acid sequence leading to a change in enzyme activity.

Mr. NARESH KUMAR K · Answer

A protein with a completely different amino acid sequence and function.

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