Prepare for NEET with Botany-specific practice questions. Covering all major Botany chapters, this is perfect for your NEET Biology needs.
A mutation in a plant prevents the proper synthesis of pectin. Which tissue would be MOST directly affected by this mutation and what would be the primary consequence?
Sclerenchyma; decreased rigidity in mature tissues
Parenchyma; reduced storage capacity
Collenchyma; reduced flexible support in growing regions
Xylem; impaired water transport
In a hypothetical scenario, a cell has a mutated form of aldolase that cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two molecules of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. How many net ATP molecules would be produced from one molecule of glucose under anaerobic conditions in this cell?
0 ATP
2 ATP
4 ATP
6 ATP
Imagine a scenario where a cell expresses a mutated form of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that uses inorganic phosphate but does not reduce NAD+ to NADH. What is the fate of the high-energy phosphate group acquired during this altered reaction in the subsequent steps of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
It is lost as inorganic phosphate during the conversion to 2-phosphoglycerate.
It is transferred to ADP to form ATP by phosphoglycerate kinase.
It remains attached to the 3-carbon molecule and is ultimately incorporated into lactate.
It is used to phosphorylate another glucose molecule, priming it for entry into glycolysis.
A mutation changes a codon from UCG to UAG. This mutation is a:
Missense mutation
Silent mutation
Frameshift mutation
Nonsense mutation
Certain mutations in the DNA polymerase delta gene can lead to reduced fidelity of DNA replication. Which of the following would be the MOST LIKELY direct consequence of such a mutation?
Decreased rate of Okazaki fragment synthesis
Inhibition of DNA unwinding by helicase
Increased rate of DNA repair mechanisms
Increased mutation rate in the newly synthesized DNA
Imagine a prokaryotic organism with a mutated DNA polymerase III that lacks 3' to 5' exonuclease activity. What would be the MOST LIKELY consequence of this mutation?
Slower replication fork movement
Inability to initiate DNA replication
A higher rate of mutations in the replicated DNA
Increased formation of Okazaki fragments
Certain mutations in tRNA can suppress nonsense mutations in mRNA. This phenomenon is MOST directly related to alterations in which part of the tRNA?
Acceptor stem
D-loop
T\u03a8C loop
Anticodon loop
Which of these scenarios would MOST likely lead to a frameshift mutation that affects the downstream amino acid sequence?
Substitution of one nucleotide for another
Deletion of three nucleotides in the coding sequence
Insertion of two nucleotides in the coding sequence
Inversion of a segment of DNA containing a multiple of three nucleotides
A mutation in a eukaryotic gene results in the production of a truncated protein lacking its C-terminal region. Analysis reveals a mutation within an intron of the gene. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation?
The mutation disrupted a splicing enhancer sequence, leading to exon skipping.
The mutation created a new promoter within the intron.
The mutation disrupted the polyadenylation signal, preventing proper termination.
The mutation created a premature stop codon within the intron.
During translation, a tRNA molecule carrying a specific amino acid recognizes the corresponding codon on the mRNA through its anticodon. A mutation occurs in the anticodon loop of a tRNA specific for alanine, changing it from 3'-CGI-5' to 3'-CCI-5'. Assuming the wobble hypothesis applies, what is the MOST LIKELY consequence of this mutation?
The tRNA will no longer recognize any codons.
The tRNA will insert glycine into the polypeptide chain instead of alanine.
The tRNA will still carry alanine but will recognize different alanine codons.
The mutation will have no effect on protein synthesis.
