The Question is from neet-zoology chemical-coordincation-and-integration , and it was created by the author A SUBRAMANYAM

Question

A patient exhibits symptoms of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and high blood glucose levels.  Further investigation reveals normal insulin levels but impaired insulin receptor function. Which condition BEST explains the patient's presentation?

A SUBRAMANYAM · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: D
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
	**Primary Concept**: Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
	**Related Topics**: Types of Diabetes, Insulin Signaling, Receptor Function
	**Prerequisites**: Basic understanding of endocrine system and glucose regulation.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
	* Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
	* Frequent urination (polyuria)
	* High blood glucose (hyperglycemia)
	* Normal insulin levels
	* Impaired insulin receptor function
**Method & Steps**:
	1. **Analyze the symptoms**: Polydipsia, polyuria, and hyperglycemia are classic symptoms of diabetes.
		Reasoning: These symptoms arise from the body's inability to effectively utilize glucose.
	2. **Consider the insulin levels**: Normal insulin levels rule out Type 1 diabetes.
		Working: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency.
		Key Point: Normal insulin levels suggest a problem with insulin action rather than production.
	3. **Focus on impaired receptor function**: This pinpoints the problem to the insulin receptors.
		Result: If insulin receptors are not functioning correctly, even normal insulin levels cannot effectively lower blood glucose.
		Verification: This aligns with the patient's presentation of hyperglycemia despite normal insulin levels.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Characterized by insulin deficiency, which is not the case here.
[B] :x: Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although characterized by insulin resistance, it usually involves downregulation of insulin receptors over time, not primarily a defect in the receptor itself.  Often associated with obesity and other metabolic factors. This patient has normal insulin levels, making Type 2 less likely.
[C] :x: Gestational diabetes: A temporary form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy. Not relevant in this context.
[D] ✓: Insulin receptor mutations: This directly addresses the impaired receptor function and explains the patient's symptoms even with normal insulin levels. Genetic mutations can lead to dysfunctional insulin receptors.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
	**Common Mistakes**:
		1. Confusing Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: Remember that Type 1 is due to insulin deficiency while Type 2 involves insulin resistance, often (but not always) associated with decreased receptor sensitivity and/or number.
		2. Overlooking receptor defects: Insulin resistance can be caused by various factors, including receptor defects.
	**Quick Tips**:
		1.  Focus on the key information: Impaired receptor function is the crucial clue in this case.
		2.  Relate symptoms to underlying mechanisms:  Understanding how insulin resistance leads to hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polydipsia is essential.

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

Gestational diabetes

A SUBRAMANYAM · Answer

The correct Option is "Insulin receptor mutations"

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