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NEET Questions / Zoology / Chemical Coordination and Integration
A patient presents with persistent hypercalcemia, despite normal parathyroid hormone levels. Further investigation reveals elevated levels of a peptide hormone produced by a malignancy. Which hormone is MOST likely responsible for this patient's hypercalcemia?
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
Thyroxine (T4)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A patient exhibits elevated plasma renin activity, hypokalaemia, and hypertension. Which endocrine disorder is MOST likely?
Addison's disease
Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
Cushing's syndrome
Diabetes insipidus
A patient presents with central diabetes insipidus. Which of the following would be the MOST effective treatment?
Insulin
Glucagon
Desmopressin (synthetic ADH)
Hydrocortisone
A rare genetic disorder affects the synthesis of a specific enzyme crucial for converting T4 to T3. Which of the following would be the MOST likely clinical presentation in a patient with this disorder?
Elevated TSH and T3 levels
Decreased TSH and T3 levels
Elevated TSH levels and decreased T3 levels
Decreased TSH and elevated T3 levels
A patient exhibits symptoms of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and high blood glucose levels. Further investigation reveals normal insulin levels but impaired insulin receptor function. Which condition BEST explains the patient's presentation?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Insulin receptor mutations
Conn's syndrome, characterized by primary hyperaldosteronism, results in specific electrolyte imbalances. Which of the following electrolyte profiles is MOST consistent with this condition?
Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis
A patient presents with persistent polyuria and polydipsia. Damage to which specific hypothalamic nuclei is MOST likely responsible for these symptoms, given that anterior pituitary function remains normal?
Preoptic nucleus
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
Ventromedial nucleus
Arcuate nucleus
A researcher observes that a lesion in a rat's hypothalamus leads to poikilothermia (inability to regulate body temperature). Which area of the hypothalamus is MOST likely affected?
Lateral hypothalamic area
Preoptic area
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Mammillary bodies
Lesions in which hypothalamic area would MOST likely result in uncontrolled rage and aggression in an animal model?
Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)
Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH)
Anterior Hypothalamus (AH)
Posterior Hypothalamus (PH)
A patient exhibits adipsia (lack of thirst) despite severe dehydration. Which hypothalamic nucleus is MOST likely dysfunctional?
Paraventricular nucleus
Lateral hypothalamus
Supraoptic nucleus
Arcuate nucleus