The Question is from neet-zoology , and it was created by the author T HARITHA

Question

A patient diagnosed with AIDS presents with  purple lesions on the skin.  Biopsy reveals spindle-shaped tumor cells and angiogenesis.  Which opportunistic infection is MOST likely responsible?

T HARITHA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: B
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Opportunistic infections in AIDS
 **Related Topics**: Kaposi's sarcoma, AIDS-defining illnesses,  angiogenesis, spindle-shaped cells
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of AIDS pathogenesis and common opportunistic infections.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  * Patient with AIDS
  * Purple skin lesions
  * Biopsy showing spindle-shaped tumor cells and angiogenesis
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the key features: The presence of purple skin lesions, spindle-shaped tumor cells, and angiogenesis strongly suggest a specific type of tumor.
  Reasoning: These features are characteristic of a particular opportunistic infection common in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable; this is a diagnostic reasoning problem.
 2. Consider the differential diagnosis:  Several opportunistic infections can cause skin lesions in AIDS patients, but only one fits the described histological findings.
  Working:  Let's analyze the options:
            * Cytomegalovirus retinitis primarily affects the retina, not the skin.
            * Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer characterized by purple lesions, spindle-shaped cells, and angiogenesis.
            * Tuberculosis can cause skin lesions, but typically not with the specific histological findings mentioned.
            * Cryptococcal meningitis primarily affects the central nervous system.
 3. Determine the most likely diagnosis: Based on the characteristic histological findings (spindle-shaped cells and angiogenesis) and the clinical presentation (purple skin lesions), Kaposi's sarcoma is the most likely diagnosis.
  Result: Kaposi's sarcoma
  Verification: The clinical presentation and biopsy findings strongly support the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, a well-known AIDS-defining illness.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
A :x: Cytomegalovirus retinitis primarily affects the eyes, not the skin.
B ✓: Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer associated with AIDS, characterized by the described lesions and histological findings.
C :x: Tuberculosis can cause skin lesions, but not with the specific features (spindle cells, angiogenesis) described.
D :x: Cryptococcal meningitis affects the brain and meninges, not the skin.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing Kaposi's sarcoma with other skin lesions in AIDS:  Understanding the characteristic histological features is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
   How to avoid: Memorize the key histological features of Kaposi's sarcoma (spindle cells, angiogenesis).
  2.Overlooking the importance of biopsy results: Clinical presentation alone may not be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis.
   How to avoid: Emphasize the importance of histological examination in diagnosing skin lesions.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1. Remember the characteristic triad of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS: purple lesions, spindle-shaped cells, and angiogenesis.
  2. Use a mnemonic device to recall common AIDS-related opportunistic infections and their typical manifestations.

T HARITHA · Answer

Cytomegalovirus retinitis

T HARITHA · Answer

The correct Option is "Kaposi's sarcoma"

T HARITHA · Answer

Tuberculosis

T HARITHA · Answer

Cryptococcal meningitis

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