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NEET Questions / Zoology / Chemical Coordination and Integration
A patient exhibits elevated plasma renin activity, hypokalaemia, and hypertension. Which endocrine disorder is MOST likely?
Addison's disease
Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
Cushing's syndrome
Diabetes insipidus
Conn's syndrome, characterized by primary hyperaldosteronism, results in specific electrolyte imbalances. Which of the following electrolyte profiles is MOST consistent with this condition?
Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis
A patient presents with persistent hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypertension. Plasma renin activity is suppressed. Which adrenal tumor is the MOST likely cause?
Cortisol-producing adenoma
Aldosterone-producing adenoma
Adrenal medullary tumor (pheochromocytoma)
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of Angiotensin II on the adrenal gland?
Stimulation of aldosterone synthesis
Increased release of epinephrine
Increased expression of aldosterone synthase
Facilitated conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone
A patient presents with severe hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. Further investigation reveals suppressed renin levels. Which hormone is MOST likely overproduced in this patient?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone
Erythropoietin
A researcher is studying the effects of a novel drug on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The drug is found to increase blood pressure WITHOUT affecting aldosterone levels. Which of the following is the MOST likely mechanism of action of this drug?
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Direct activation of angiotensin II receptors
Stimulation of renin release
Inhibition of aldosterone synthase
Which part of the adrenal gland is responsible for the production of mineralocorticoids?
Medulla
Cortex
Capsule
Hilum
Aldosterone primarily acts on which organ to regulate sodium reabsorption?
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Lungs
What is the primary function of aldosterone?
Increase blood glucose levels
Increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
Decrease blood pressure
Stimulate protein synthesis
