The Question is from neet-zoology chemical-coordincation-and-integration , and it was created by the author K SUNKANNA

Question

A patient presents with central diabetes insipidus. Which of the following would be the MOST effective treatment?

K SUNKANNA · Accepted Answer

## CORE INFORMATION
✓ **Answer**: C
## CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
 **Primary Concept**: Diabetes Insipidus and its treatment
 **Related Topics**: Endocrine system, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), fluid balance
 **Prerequisites**: Understanding of hormone function and the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus.
## SOLUTION PATHWAY
**Given Information**:
  The patient has central diabetes insipidus.
  Central diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency in the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland.
**Method & Steps**:
 1. Identify the cause of central diabetes insipidus:  A deficiency of ADH.
  Reasoning: Central diabetes insipidus results from a problem in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, leading to insufficient ADH production.
  Formula/Rule: None directly applicable.
 2. Determine the most effective treatment: Replacement of ADH.
  Working:  The core problem in central diabetes insipidus is the lack of ADH.  Therefore, the most effective treatment is to replace the missing hormone.
  Key Point:  The other options address different conditions or have indirect effects on fluid balance.
 3. Select the appropriate treatment option: Desmopressin (synthetic ADH).
  Result: Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of ADH, directly addressing the underlying cause of central diabetes insipidus.
  Verification: Desmopressin effectively reduces urine output and improves fluid balance in patients with central diabetes insipidus.
 ## OPTION ANALYSIS
[A] :x: Insulin: Insulin regulates blood glucose levels; it is not relevant to ADH deficiency.
[B] :x: Glucagon: Glucagon also regulates blood glucose; it doesn't address the ADH deficiency in central diabetes insipidus.
[C] ✓: Desmopressin (synthetic ADH): This is the correct answer as it directly replaces the deficient ADH, thereby correcting the underlying cause of the disease.
[D] :x: Hydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid hormone, involved in stress response and metabolism; it's not directly related to ADH or central diabetes insipidus.
 ## LEARNING AIDS
 **Common Mistakes**:
  1.Confusing diabetes insipidus with diabetes mellitus: These are distinct conditions. Diabetes mellitus involves insulin deficiency or resistance, while diabetes insipidus involves ADH deficiency.
  2.Choosing treatment options based on symptoms instead of the underlying cause: Focusing on the symptoms (excessive thirst and urination) without addressing the ADH deficiency will not provide effective long-term treatment.
 **Quick Tips**:
  1.Remember that central diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH.
  2.Desmopressin is the synthetic replacement for ADH.

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Insulin

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Glucagon

K SUNKANNA · Answer

The correct Option is "Desmopressin (synthetic ADH)"

K SUNKANNA · Answer

Hydrocortisone

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