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NEET Questions / Zoology / Chemical Coordination and Integration
A hormone's effect is amplified within the cell due to a cascade of events. This amplification is primarily attributed to:
The high affinity of the hormone for its receptor
The presence of multiple receptors for the hormone on each cell
The activation of multiple enzymes by a single hormone-receptor complex
The rapid internalization of the hormone-receptor complex
Hormone X activates a G protein-coupled receptor, which in turn activates adenylate cyclase. A drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase would likely have what effect on the cellular response to hormone X?
Inhibit the response by decreasing cAMP levels
Enhance the response by increasing cAMP levels
No effect on the response
Inhibit the response by blocking the hormone-receptor interaction
Which characteristic distinguishes the mechanism of action of peptide hormones from steroid hormones?
Peptide hormones directly regulate gene expression, while steroid hormones activate second messenger systems.
Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors, while steroid hormones act through cell surface receptors.
Peptide hormones primarily act through cell surface receptors, while steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors.
Both peptide and steroid hormones utilize the same receptor types and signaling pathways.
Which hormone, primarily synthesized in the hypothalamus, is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection reflex?
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Vasopressin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Damage to which area of the hypothalamus is most likely to result in uncontrolled body temperature fluctuations?
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Preoptic area
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary gland through the release of:
Direct neural connections
Neurohormones into the hypophyseal portal system
Hormones into the general circulation
Neurotransmitters across synaptic clefts
Which hypothalamic hormone inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary?
Somatostatin
Dopamine
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus are most likely to result in:
Anorexia and weight loss
Increased food intake and obesity
Disrupted sleep-wake cycles
Impaired thermoregulation
The hypothalamus plays a critical role in coordinating the nervous and endocrine systems by:
Filtering sensory information before it reaches the cerebral cortex
Controlling voluntary muscle movements
Producing and releasing hormones that regulate pituitary gland activity
Regulating heart rate and blood pressure
Which hormone, primarily synthesized by the hypothalamus, regulates water balance in the body?
Oxytocin
Growth Hormone
Prolactin
Vasopressin (ADH)
