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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
A researcher aims to create a transgenic cow that produces human lactoferrin in its milk. Which promoter would be MOST suitable to drive the expression of the human lactoferrin gene in the mammary gland of the cow?
CMV promoter
Ξ²-actin promoter
Ξ²-lactoglobulin promoter
Metallothionein promoter
Knockout mice lacking the gene for PrP (prion protein cellular form) are resistant to prion diseases. What can be directly concluded from this observation?
PrP is sufficient to cause prion diseases.
PrP is the infectious agent in prion diseases.
PrP is necessary for the development of prion diseases.
The absence of PrP enhances the immune response against prions.
Which of the following is a major ethical concern associated with the production of transgenic animals?
The high cost of producing transgenic animals.
The low success rate of creating transgenic animals.
Animal welfare and the potential for unforeseen health problems in the transgenic animals.
The limited applicability of transgenic animal models to human diseases.
A transgenic animal is created by inserting a gene for enhanced muscle growth into its genome. However, the resulting offspring show a variety of phenotypes, some with significantly enhanced muscle growth, others with moderate enhancement, and some with no change at all. Which phenomenon is MOST likely responsible for this phenotypic variation?
Incomplete penetrance of the transgene
Pleiotropic effects of the transgene
Variable transgene copy number and integration sites
Epigenetic silencing of the transgene in some individuals
A severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient undergoes gene therapy using a retroviral vector to deliver the functional ADA gene. A potential long-term complication specifically associated with this vector type is:
Insertional mutagenesis leading to oncogenesis
Hypersensitivity reaction to the viral vector
Development of neutralizing antibodies against ADA
Rapid clearance of the vector by the immune system
Which of the following is NOT a crucial consideration when designing a CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene therapy targeting a specific genetic disorder?
Ensuring precise targeting of the Cas9 enzyme to the mutated gene
Minimizing off-target effects of the Cas9 enzyme
Choosing an appropriate delivery system for the CRISPR-Cas9 components
Enhancing the host's immune response to the Cas9 enzyme
In gene therapy for cystic fibrosis, the most significant barrier to successful gene transfer to the lung epithelium is:
The rapid turnover rate of lung epithelial cells
The thick mucus layer hindering vector access to target cells
The lack of suitable viral vectors for lung tissue
The immune system's rapid clearance of the therapeutic gene
Suicide gene therapy for cancer utilizes genes that convert a prodrug into a cytotoxic agent. Which combination is most likely to be used in this approach?
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene and polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene and ganciclovir
Dystrophin gene and corticosteroids
Factor VIII gene and desmopressin
Ex vivo gene therapy involves:
Directly injecting the therapeutic gene into the patient
Modifying cells outside the body and then reintroducing them
Using a viral vector to deliver the gene in vivo
Modifying germline cells to correct genetic defects
Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas9 are all tools used in gene editing. What is a key advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 over ZFNs and TALENs?
Higher target specificity and lower off-target effects
Easier design and implementation due to RNA-guided targeting
Ability to target multiple genes simultaneously without modification
Greater stability and longer lifespan within the target cell
