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NEET Questions / Botany / Biotechnology and Its Applications
The production of human insulin in bacteria involves the insertion of the human gene for insulin into a bacterial plasmid. This plasmid then acts as a:
Vector
Promoter
Operator
Repressor
Which two chains make up the mature, functional human insulin molecule produced by genetic engineering?
A and B chains linked by disulfide bonds
A and C chains linked by hydrogen bonds
B and C chains linked by peptide bonds
Alpha and beta chains linked by glycosidic bonds
Why is Escherichia coli commonly used in the production of genetically engineered human insulin?
Easy to culture and genetically manipulate
Produces insulin naturally
Has a similar genome to humans
Is resistant to antibiotics
In genetically engineered insulin production, what is the role of Ξ²-galactosidase?
Selection marker for transformed bacteria
Cleaves proinsulin into mature insulin
Promotes insulin gene transcription
Facilitates the uptake of the plasmid
What is an advantage of using genetically engineered human insulin over insulin extracted from animal sources?
Reduced risk of allergic reactions
Lower production cost
Higher insulin potency
Longer shelf life
Which enzyme is crucial for joining the insulin gene with the plasmid vector?
DNA ligase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
Restriction endonuclease
Which of the following is the primary goal of gene therapy?
To enhance athletic performance
To treat or prevent disease by correcting genetic defects
To alter physical appearance
To create genetically modified organisms
What is a vector in the context of gene therapy?
A type of white blood cell
A disease-causing agent
A carrier used to deliver therapeutic genes into cells
A protein that repairs damaged DNA
Which type of diseases is gene therapy most commonly targeted towards?
Infectious diseases
Genetic disorders
Injuries
Nutritional deficiencies
What is the role of a 'functional gene' in gene therapy?
To cause the disease
To protect against infections
To replace a faulty gene
To enhance immune response
